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Waseda Wheeled Vehicle - No.2 Refined II
(WV-2RII)




The educational robot kit whose WV-2RII is a prototype is now on sale from JAPANROBOTECH Ltd.!

1. Background    2. Concept    3. Specification    4. Applications    5. Events    6. Older Models    7. Acknowledgement


1. Background

According to the survey done on the 2nd grade students of junior high school in 2003 by The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, the international average of the number of students who enjoy studying science is 44%, while in Japan it is only 19%. The international average of the number of students who have a strong positive attitude for studying science is 57%, while in Japan it is only 17%. The survey results clearly show that Japanese students don't have interest in science. In order to educate top level engineers, we must start from boosting the interest in science in students, before they enter university. For this purpose we need new educational tool which can arouse student's interest and provide high potential for studying.



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2. Concept

In the recent years, in order to foster the creativity of undergraduate students of engineering fields, the acquisition of technical skills requires an interdisciplinary approach to understand the basic knowledge among different backgrounds such as: advanced programming, peripherals devices control, dynamic system control, real-time control, simulation analysis, etc. As an approach to cover different aspects of the Robot Technology, in this project, we focused in developing an education tool designed to introduce at different educational levels the principle of developing mechatronic systems. In particular, the development of an inverted pendulum mobile robot has been proposed.



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3. Specification

Specification
Height [mm] 495
Weight [kg] 3.8
Actuator
Motor DC Servo Motor
(RDO-37KE50G9A)
Power Consumption [W] 9.2
Electronics
CPU STM32F103VB
(72[MHz])
Power Source 6[V] Battery,
12[V] Battery
Sensor Rate Gyroscope x 1
Accelerometer x 1
conversation


General-purpose ontrol board
WV-2RII mounts a general-purpose control board designed by JAPAN ROBOTECH LTD. that Our laboratory jointly develop the robot with. The control board has high scalability, so users can develop a variety of additional applications.



Block diagram of the control system

We use state feedback control in WV-2RII. State variables are body rotation angle, body rotation angular velocity, wheel rotation angle and wheel rotation angular velocity. We measure body rotation angle with both accelerometer and rate gyroscope, body rotation angular velocity with only rate gyroscope, both wheel rotation angle and wheel rotation angular velocity with rotary encoders. For the given state of the robot we compute the control value and use it in the next level of the controller to set the desired current value. Additionally, we drive motors with constant-current control by measuring the current value in motors.


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4. Applycations

Soccer

▽Specification
Applycation's Weight [kg] 1.3
Total Weight [kg] 5.1
▽Actuator
Motor DC Servo Motor
(RDO-29B50G192A)
▽Performance
Maximum Output Force [N] 22
Periodic Time of Kick Action [sec] 3.3
conversation


Kick mechanism Kick action

We developed an applycarion for soccer for WV-2RII. A kick mechanism moves forward quickly and kicks a ball when an user pushs the remote control switch.
We played soccer game by remote controling the WV-2RII with the applycation.


Kick mechanism
MPEG 5.2 MB
Soccer
MPEG 5.7 MB


Sumo

▽Specification
Applycation's Weight [kg] 1.1
Total Weight [kg] 4.8
▽Actuator
Motor DC Servo Motor
RC Servo Motor
▽Performance
Reach of Splapping Arm [mm] 80
Range of Angle of RC Servo Motor [deg] ±50
Rated Torque of Motor [Nm] 0.63 (DC Servo Motor)
0.83 (RC Servo Motor)
Periodic Time of Slapping Action [sec] 1.1
conversation


Slapping arm Mechanism of arm's action
(cf. http://koza.misumi.jp/lca/2002/09/82_3.html

We developed an applycarion for sumo for WV-2RII. A slapping arm moves into slapping action when an user pushs the remote control switch. It has a hit sensor which detects the hit to the opponent. The arm is keeped horizontal to the ground by RC Servo Motor.
We played sumo game by remote controling the WV-2RII with the applycation.


Slapping arm
MPEG 4.9 MB
Sumo
MPEG 3.6 MB



Human-robot interaction by using the motion capture device WB-3

▽Weight
Robot part [kg] 1.8
Whole weight [kg] 5.6
▽Actuator
Motor Servo motor
(S125-1T)
conversation


DOF configuration Psychological model

  The aim of this mini-project is human-robot interaction. By using WB-3 which is a miniature motion capture device developed by our laboratory, remote control is implemented. By remote control, the user can dance with the robot as well as send basic commands (forward, back..). The robot is capable of the face expression in which psychological model is implemented.


Arm motion
MPEG 64.2 MB
Face expression
MPEG 2.9 MB



Double inverted pendulum for Kendo

▽Weight
Second pendulum part [kg] 0.2
Whole weight [kg] 4.0
▽Actuator
Motor Servo motor
(RDO-29B50G192A)
▽Specification
Encoder for 2nd pendulum resolution [P/N] 500(RE30E)
conversation


Modeling of the robot Principle of the control

  In order to perform Kendo (Japanese martial art like Samurai), double inverted pendulum is implemented. Sword is second pendulum. The swing motion is controlled by the angle and angular velocity feed back of the second pendulum.


Double pendulum
MPEG 0.9 MB



Internship student project

  • Safety and user friendliness
The following functions are implemented for the safety and user friendliness.
  1. Detection if the wheels do not touch ground by motor voltage and wheel velocity information. If it is detected, the motors automatically stop.
  2. Detection if the wheels touch ground again by slightly moving wheels. If it is detected, the control restarts.
  3. By implementing 4 IR sensors on front/back of the body, wall is detected so that the robot stop before it hits wall.

Flow chart for Miniway main control loop Flow chart for the lift-safe function


  • Toy doll robot
Using R/C servo motors, 4-DOF doll robot is mounted on the WV-2RII. The doll moves according the travel direction.

Overview Mechanism


Toy doll Robot
MPEG 8.33 MB


  • Remote control by WB motion capture
We used the miniature wireless motion capture system WB-4 as remote control device. By this controller, user can move WV-2RII intuitively.

Remote control 1
MPEG 71.8 MB
Remote control 22
MPEG 24.4 MB

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5. Events

Inverted Pendulum Robot Workshop
(2010/02/26-28 @ROBOSQUARE, TNC Broadcast Building, Fukuoka Pref.)


Before the release of the educational robot kit whose WV-2RII was a prototype, we organized a workshop by using the robots at ROBOSQUARE. During the workshop, participants (mainly university undergraduate students) rewrote the program and performed feedback gain tuning.



The class of robotics "Erasmus Mundus Master Program in Advanced Robotics (EMARO)"
(2009/11/02-12 @Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology)


We were invited to Warsaw University of Technology to give a series of lectures on mechatronics. Within the scope of the course, we performed a laboratory experiments, where university students were assembling the robot and tuning feedback gain parameters.



Mechatronics Laboratory
(2009/02/26-28 @ROBOSQUARE, TNC Broadcast Building, Fukuoka Pref.)


In order to verify WV-2R's functionality as an educational tool, we organized mechatronics laboratory at ROBOSQUARE. During the laboratory exercises, junior high school students performed assembling practice and university undergraduate students performed feedback gain tuning.  

Mechatronics laboratory
MPEG 11 MB

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6. Older Models

WV-2R

Specification
Height [mm] 530
Weight [kg] 3.2
Actuator
Motor DC Servo Motor
(RDO-37KE50G9A)
Power Consumption [W] 9.2
Electronics
CPU STM32F103VB
(72[MHz])
Power Source 9[V] Battery,
12[V] Battery
Sensor Rate Gyroscope x 1
Accelerometer x 1
conversation


Adjustable height of weight

Two exchangeable sets of wheels
In the new version of the robot, we reduced costs by 85%, made the height of weight adjustable and equipped it with exchangeable wheels. In the future the robot will serve as an educational tool for students.

We implemented in WV-2R such applications as line tracking, soccer and following object with use of web camera. Moreover, after proper tuning of the control parameters, WV-2R can rise up quickly from the fallen position.

Line Trace Function
MPEG 5.2 MB
Soccer
MPEG 4.7 MB
Following Object
MPEG 6.5 MB
Rise-up Motion
MPEG 1.0 MB


WV-2

Specification
Height [mm] 620
Weight [kg] 4.0
Actuator
Motor DC Servo Motor
Power Consumption [W] 27
Electronics
CPU STM32F103VB
(72[MHz])
Power Source 9[V] Battery,
12[V] Battery
Sensor Rate Gyroscope x 1
Accelerometer x 1
conversation

Running "8"
MPEG 8.7 MB
Disturbance
MPEG 2.1 MB

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7. Acknowledgement

A part of this research was done at the Humanoid Robotics Institute (HRI), Waseda University. This research is supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Robotics Industry Development Council (RIDC) which is being conducted at Humanoid Robotics Institute (Waseda University) and JAPAN ROBOTECH LTD. We also thank to ST Microelectronics Ltd. for the cooperation in this research. WV-2R has been designed by 3D CAD software "SolidWorks". Special thanks to SolidWorks Japan K.K. for the software contribution.



Links

Humanoid Robotics Institute, Waseda University
JAPAN ROBOTECH LTD.
The Robotics Industry Development Council (RIDC)
ST Microelectronics Ltd.
SolidWorks Japan K.K.
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